Oral cancers that develop in lymph tissue, which is part of the immune system, are known as lymphomas. Head and neck cancer including oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a 19yearold female randhawa t, shameena pm, sudha s, nair rg department of oral pathology and microbiology, government dental college, calicut 673 008, kerala, india. Incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years, and survival has not improved.
Squamous cell carcinoma scc constitute more than 90% of all head and neck cancers. The two lateral lingual swellings grow over the tuberculum impar and merge, forming the anterior two thirds of the tongue 8. Imaging of tongue carcinoma 187 table 1 tumour node metastasis tnm classi. The most common type of tongue cancer is called squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoma of the base of the tongue is a challenging problem for the head and neck surgeon. Modern surgical management of tongue carcinoma a clinical. Materials and methods 47 patients with carcinoma of the tongue referred to our oral medicine. Sixtyseven per cent of patients presented with t12 disease. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue sccot is one of the most prevalent tumors of the head and neck region. Tongue cancer usually develops in the squamous cells, the thin, flat cells that cover the surface of the tongue. Short reports survivin gene polymorphism association with tongue squamous cell carcinoma leila vazifeh mostaan,1 azin tabari,2 parvin amiri,3 mohammadtaghi khorsandi ashtiani,2 aydin mahdkhah,2 nasrin yazdani,2 mahmood khaniki,4 azadeh tabari,1 javad tavakkolybazzaz,3 and mahsa m.
Carcinoma of the floor of the mouth accounts for approximately 15% of all carcinomas of the oral cavity. Clear cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue is a rare minor salivary gland neoplasm, and to our knowledge, the mr imaging appearance of this entity has not been described. Treating oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer american cancer. Below it is limited to circumvallate papilla of tongue. Only approximately 2% of patients are diagnosed before the age of 35. Squamous differentiation, seen as keratinisation with pearl formation and an invasive growth is a prerequisites for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a 19yearold female t randhawa, pm shameena, s sudha, rg nair department of oral pathology and microbiology, government dental college, calicut 673 008, kerala, india. Tongue cancer is a form of cancer that begins in the cells of the tongue. For example, basaloid scc is an aggressive tumour and verrucous carcinoma has the lowest invasive. Cancer that forms in the back one third of the tongue is considered a type of head and neck cancer. Case squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a 19yearold female. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a predilection for the tongue base.
At the tip of this sulcus is the foramen cecum, a remnant of the proximal. Several types of cancer can affect the tongue, but tongue cancer most often begins in the thin, flat squamous cells that line the surface of the tongue. The sites of predilection for oral cancer were tongue, labialbuccal mucosa. Tongue cancer can occur on the front of the tongue, which is called oral tongue cancer. Pdf squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90% of all oral cancers. T stages of tumors of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Previous studies have identified several driver mutations. Background carcinoma of the tongue is the most common intraoral malignancy in western countries. Clinical trials6 are looking at different ways of combining radiation. Oral tongue cancer is a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc. A digital manual for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia. The tonsils and base of the tongue both contain lymphoid tissue. Catholic university of louvain, st luc university hospital. The recent literature has given increasing attention to scc of tongue in young adults2.
Functional outcomes after treatment of squamous cell. Chan this is a retrospective analysis of 117 patients with carcinoma of the oral tongue treated by definitive radiotherapy during 19791990. Many of the results are in keeping with the established view of tongue cancer. Overexpression and knockdown of prr11 were performed by plasmid transfection into scc15 and hsc3 human tscc cells. Tongue cancer mexico pdf ppt case reports symptoms. The patient has personal smoking records of 100 packets per year and he is a heavy alcohol drinker. These include adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and polymorphous lowgrade adenocarcinoma.
The cancer can affect any part of the oral cavity but has a predilection for the lip, tongue and inner lining of the cheeks. Oral cavity malignancies account for 20 per 100,000 population in india, out of which carcinoma tongue has a 4. It is the eighthleading cause of cancer related deaths in the united states leading to approximately 8000 deaths per year. The epidemiology of carcinoma of the tongue has been in flux. Nimotuzumab in treatment of infiltrating squamous cell. In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless white patch, that thickens, develops red patches, an ulcer, and continues to grow. Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma also known as pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a tubular microscopic pattern and keratinocyte acantholysis. Due to the mutilating affects of the surgical management of tongue carcinoma on the quality of life, organ preservation techniques and treatment protocols have been discussed. Squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive epithelial neoplasm showing varying degrees of squamous differentiation.
Fortunately, if detected early, these malignancies may have a more favorable prognosis. In western countries oral scc affects the tongue in. In 2018, it is estimated that about 51, 540 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer will develop, which represent approximately 35% of all cancers in the united states 1,2. Despite advances in treatment, the survival of patients with sccot has not significantly improved over the past several decades. A sixtyyearold male patient was taken to the national cancer institute nci with a diagnostic of poorly differentiated squamous tongue carcinoma, with a fourmonth evolution period, which had lateralized intraoral pain on the left mandibular edge. Survivin gene polymorphism association with tongue. Eightyfive percent 85% of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco use 15,16. Extends from skin vermilion junction of lips to junction of hard and soft palate above. According to garavello et al, 6 cancer of the tongue has been regarded as a disease that usually affects men between the sixth through the eighth decades of life following long term exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse.
Identification of novel genetic variants predisposing to familial oral. Primary surgery is the standard of care for early stage t12n01 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. The 5 year disease free rate is approximately 70% in early disease, falling to less than 30% in more advanced cases. Jun 04, 2019 malignancies of the tongue represent one of the greatest management challenges for the head and neck oncologist because of the adverse effects of treatment on oral and pharyngeal function, the eventual quality of life, and the poor prognosis of advanced disease. In 2018, it is estimated that about 51, 540 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer will develop, which represent approximately 35% of all cancers in the united states. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue 337 squamous cell carcinoma of the pharyngeal tongue 339 squamous cell carcinoma of the floor. Oral squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most frequent cancer of the head and neck. Similar to carcinoma of the oral tongue, carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is often associated with tobacco smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene.
As with most head and neck sites, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer. In other parts of your body, like your bones or lungs. About 90% of the cases of oral cancer are diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. To determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic features of. Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that are present on the surface of the skin and the tongue, in the lining of the. Regarding the oral cavity, few studies have evaluated the otscc of the anterior two thirds of the tongue, especially among nonsmokers and nondrinkers 2,11. Here i describe the clinical and histopathological findings in a series of 76 patients.
The patients with tongue base carcinoma are usually. In tongue carcinoma, a recent study involving patients with tumors of all clinical stages, and of both oral and posterior locations, found tumor budding to be an adverse prognostic parameter. Histological analysis of the excised mass revealed a lymph node overwhelmed with papillary thyroid carcinoma and moderately differentiated scc thought to have transformed. Tongue cancer canada pdf ppt case reports symptoms.
Survivin expression is correlated with tumor aggressiveness and severity in head and neck carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has tobacco smoking and alcohol ingestion as major risk factors and spans two regions. Sarcomatoid carcinoma sc is an unusual and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which frequently recurs and metastasizes. In the us, 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women are oral squamous cell carcinomas, most of which occur after age 50. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer affecting the mouth oral cancer. Dec 21, 2018 home medterms medical dictionary az list carcinoma of the tongue definition medical definition of carcinoma of the tongue medical author. The main risk factors are smoking, drinking a lot of alcohol and infection with the hpv virus. It is considered to be a biphasic tumor made up of cells from squamous and spindle cells carcinoma with a sarcomatous aspect, but of epithelial origin. The overall survival for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is low and the search for early diagnostic and prognostic markers is thus essential.
Tongue diagnosis introduction tongue is generally known as the organ of taste. Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue springerlink. The upper surface contains the taste buds that act as. Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. Prognosis of tongue cancer squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue early diagnosis is the key prognostic factor in tongue cancer influencing both tumour size and the likelihood of metastatic deposits. Cancer tongue well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma tongue radiology reference. Paraskev stojanov medical university of varna, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2009, book 1 abstract. May 27, 2010 the oral tongue is the most common subsite for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, excluding the lip. Design retrospective survey using statistical comparison. Cancer stem cells in moderately differentiated oral tongue.
Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Jul 11, 2015 cancer tongue well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Oral squamous cell carcinoma msd manual professional edition. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of tongue cancer. In advanced cases, surgical resection followed by radiotherapy rt with or without chemotherapy is performed, and it seems to be beneficial. This commentary will focus on carcinoma of the tongue. Dec 22, 2017 tongue cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the tongue, and can cause lesions or tumors on your tongue. Pdf squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a patient. Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that forms in the front twothirds of the tongue. A test of the blood was made in all but 1 of the 14 cases, and a test of the spinal fluid in some of them was also made, before any treatment was undertaken.
Clinical outcomes for t 12 n 01 oral tongue cancer patients. If metastasis such as to the local lymph nodes is observed, then the prognosis is guarded or unpredictable tumors in their early stage with complete excisional treatment typically have good prognosis. Symptoms can include a patch, spot or lump on your tongue that doesnt go away. Despite advances in treatment, the survival of patients with sccot has not. The median age at the diagnosis of the tongues cancer is 61 years. Oral carcinoma is fifth most common malignancy in head and neck globally. Squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity.
Pdf management of carcinoma of the base of the tongue. Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue is known to have a poor clinical prognosis that is primarily attributable to such tumors usually presenting at an advanced stage. Tongue cancer nord national organization for rare disorders. The secondary functions of the tongue are to help swallowing and chewing the food. Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of. Granular cell tumour is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm of unknown aetiology regezi and scuibba, 2003, first described in a patient with a lesion on the tongue by abrikossoff 1926. Correlation between mr with gadopentetate dimeglumine and pathologic data marcello crecco, antonello vidiri, oronzo palma, roberto floris, ettore squillaci, marco mattioli, francesco marzetti. Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that line the mouth and other organs. Objective to compare functional outcome and quality of life after various treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.
Anatomy of oral cavity extends from skin vermilion junction of lips to junction of hard and soft palate above below it is limited to circumvallate papilla of tongue. Or it may occur at the base of the tongue, near where it attaches to the bottom of your mouth. Primary therapy is largely dictated by the anatomical origin of the cancer and whether distant disease is present. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of scc present morphologic features and specific behaviour when they occur in the oral mucosa. Representation of immunofluorescent if immunohistochemical ihcstained sections of 10 moderately differentiated oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, demonstrating nuclear coexpression of the epithelial cell marker p63 a, green and the cancer stem cell csc marker sox2 a, red, within the tumour nests. May 14, 2012 this article presents the case of a 26yearold woman with tongue cancer. He named it granular cell myoblastoma at the time because of the apparent association between granular cell and skeletal muscle. Early oral tongue cancer initially managed with surgery alone. Tongue cancers are oral cancers that are differentiated by their location in the mouth and on the tongue. Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a 19yearold female. In general, squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is an aggressive form of cancer. Setting academic medical center, institutional practice. Syphilis may have been a cause of cancer in 1 case, but it certainlv was not the cause.
Sep 29, 2011 the various treatment options for the tongue carcinoma include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined modalities. If the cancer is on the forward portion of the tongue, it is known as a squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue. A total of 65 consecutive cases of ct1 tongue cancer were retrospectively. Integrated analysis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to determine etiologic factors for tongue cancer with agesex matched casecontrol data. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions the oral cancer foundation. Definitive radiotherapy for carcinoma of the oral tongue. Management of the neck in patients with carcinoma of the tongue is a controversial matter.
One of the first signs of tongue cancer is a lump or sore on the side of your tongue that doesnt go away. Most frequently, treatment failure takes the form of local and regional recurrences, but as disease control in these areas improves, sccot treatment. Oral squamous cell carcinoma affects about 34,000 people in the us each year. Excision of mass on the tongue was done and biopsy sent for histopathological examination which revealed infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma 3. The recent literature has given increasing attention to scc of tongue in. This endeavor has tried to combine the best available evidence which has been put. In the same general area as before, like nearby lymph nodes.
When on the lips, it commonly looks like a persistent crusting ulcer that does not heal, and slowly grows. More than 95% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. A case series analysis of clinical presentation, risk factors, staging, and outcome. Several types of cancer grow in the tongue, but squamous cell carcinoma is the most common. If metastasis such as to the local lymph nodes is observed, then the prognosis is guarded or unpredictable tumors in their early stage with complete excisional treatment typically. Micrornas have been suggested as potential prognostic and diagnostic candidates in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in general. If the cancer is located towards the rear third of the tongue, it is known as a squamous cell cancer at the base of the tongue. The median sulcus of the tongue separates the body into left and right halves. The front twothirds of the tongue that you can stick out is called the oral tongue. Treatment options for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer by stage. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying oncogenic potential of prr11 in tscc cells. Metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Objective to compare functional outcome and quality of life after various treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue design retrospective survey using statistical comparison setting academic medical center, institutional practice participants patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue between 1976 and 2000. One hundred and twentysix patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.
Carcinoma using upper lateral pharyngotomy tsvetan tonchev, savina nencheva department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, faculty of dental medicine, prof. Levels of microrna424 were upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, but not in tumours originating from gingiva or floor of the mouth. Dedifferentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma into. About tongue cancer tongue cancer cancer research uk. He presented 11 years later with a lesion adjudged from fine needle aspiration to be a squamous cell carcinoma scc.